|
| |
Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment have led to slow growth and underdevelopment in Pakistan. Agriculture accounts for more than one-fifth of output and two-fifths of employment. Textiles account for most of Pakistan's export earnings, and Pakistan's failure to expand a viable export base for other manufactures has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Official unemployment is 6%, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. Over the past few years, low growth and high inflation, led by a spurt in food prices, have increased the amount of poverty - the UN Human Development Report estimated poverty in 2011 at almost 50% of the population. Inflation has worsened the situation, climbing from 7.7% in 2007 to more than 13% for 2011, before declining to 9.3% at year-end. As a result of political and economic instability, the Pakistani rupee has depreciated more than 40% since 2007. The government agreed to an International Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008 in response to a balance of payments crisis. Although the economy has stabilized since the crisis, it has failed to recover. Foreign investment has not returned, due to investor concerns related to governance, energy, security, and a slow-down in the global economy. Remittances from overseas workers, averaging about $1 billion a month since March 2011, remain a bright spot for Pakistan. However, after a small current account surplus in fiscal year 2011 (July 2010/June 2011), Pakistan's current account turned to deficit in the second half of 2011, spurred by higher prices for imported oil and lower prices for exported cotton. Pakistan remains stuck in a low-income, low-growth trap, with growth averaging 2.9% per year from 2008 to 2011. Pakistan must address long standing issues related to government revenues and energy production in order to spur the amount of economic growth that will be necessary to employ its growing population. Other long term challenges include expanding investment in education and healthcare, and reducing dependence on foreign donors.
|
|
|
| |
$494.8 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
$483.3 billion (2010 est.)
$465.8 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
|
|
|
| |
$210.6 billion (2011 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
2.4% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
3.8% (2010 est.)
1.7% (2009 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
$2,800 (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174
$2,800 (2010 est.)
$2,800 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
|
|
|
|
|
agriculture: 20.9%
industry: 25.8%
services: 53.3% (2011 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
58.41 million
country comparison to the world: 10
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2011 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
agriculture: 45%
industry: 20.1%
services: 34.9% (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
5.6% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
5.5% (2010 est.)
note: substantial underemployment exists
|
|
|
|
|
22.3% (FY05/06 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
lowest 10%: 9.9%
highest 10%: 39.3% (FY07/08)
|
|
|
|
|
30.6 (FY07/08)
country comparison to the world: 112
41 (FY98/99)
|
|
|
|
|
11.8% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144 |
|
|
|
|
revenues: $26.3 billion
expenditures: $39.77 billion (2011 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
12.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 204 |
|
|
|
|
-6.6% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179 |
|
|
|
|
60.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
61.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
13.7% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205
13.9% (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
12% (31 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
14% (31 December 2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
12.34% (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
14.12% (31 December 2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
$72.32 billion (30 June 2011)
country comparison to the world: 39
$62.02 billion (30 June 2010)
|
|
|
|
|
$79.67 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
$85.22 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
$65.72 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
$61.39 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
$38.17 billion (31 December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 56
$33.24 billion (31 December 2009)
$23.49 billion (31 December 2008)
|
|
|
|
|
cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs
|
|
|
|
|
textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp
|
|
|
|
|
3% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98 |
|
|
|
|
93.35 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34 |
|
|
|
|
74.35 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37 |
|
|
|
|
0 kWh (2011 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
0 kWh (2009 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
64,950 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57 |
|
|
|
|
410,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34 |
|
|
|
|
29,840 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83 |
|
|
|
|
346,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30 |
|
|
|
|
313 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55 |
|
|
|
|
42.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21 |
|
|
|
|
42.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22 |
|
|
|
|
0 cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157 |
|
|
|
|
0 cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108 |
|
|
|
|
840.2 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28 |
|
|
|
|
$268 million (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
-$3.94 billion (2010 est.)
|
|
|
| |
$25.35 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
$19.67 billion (2010 est.)
|
|
|
| |
textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs
|
|
|
| |
US 14.3%, UAE 7.7%, Afghanistan 7.6%, China 7.6%, Germany 5%, UK 4.1% (2011)
|
|
|
| |
$35.82 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
$31.2 billion (2010 est.)
|
|
|
| |
petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea
|
|
|
| |
China 17.9%, Saudi Arabia 11.2%, UAE 11.1%, Kuwait 5.8%, Malaysia 5.7%, India 4.9%, US 4.3% (2011)
|
|
|
| |
$17.02 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
$17.21 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
|
|
|
| |
$61.83 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
$59.91 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
|
|
|
| |
$31.26 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
$30.06 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
|
|
|
| |
$1.419 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
$1.362 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
|
|
|
| |
Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar -
85.99 (2011 est.)
85.19 (2010 est.)
81.71 (2009)
70.64 (2008)
60.6295 (2007)
|
|
|
| |
1 July - 30 June
|
|
| Communications ::PAKISTAN |
|
| |
3.419 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 46 |
|
|
| |
111 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 9 |
|
|
| |
general assessment: the telecommunications infrastructure is improving dramatically with foreign and domestic investments in fixed-line and mobile-cellular networks; system consists of microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks;
domestic: mobile-cellular subscribership has skyrocketed, exceeding 110 million by the end of 2011, up from only about 300,000 in 2000; more than 90 percent of Pakistanis live within areas that have cell phone coverage and more than half of all Pakistanis have access to a cell phone; fiber systems are being constructed throughout the country to aid in network growth; fixed line availability has risen only marginally over the same period and there are still difficulties getting fixed-line service to rural areas
international: country code - 92; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2009)
|
|
|
| |
media is government regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TV broadcaster, Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), operates a network consisting of 5 channels; private TV broadcasters are permitted; to date 69 foreign satellite channels are operational; the state-owned radio network operates more than 40 stations; nearly 100 commercially-licensed privately-owned radio stations provide programming mostly limited to music and talk shows (2007)
|
|
|
| |
.pk
|
|
|
| |
340,834 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 60 |
|
|
| |
20.431 million (2009)
| Transportation ::PAKISTAN |
|
| |
151 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 37 |
|
|
| |
total: 107
over 3,047 m: 15
2,438 to 3,047 m: 20
1,524 to 2,437 m: 42
914 to 1,523 m: 20
under 914 m: 10 (2012)
|
|
|
| |
total: 44
1,524 to 2,437 m: 11
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 24 (2012)
|
|
|
| |
24 (2012)
|
|
|
| |
gas 10,514 km; oil 2,013 km; refined products 787 km (2010)
|
|
|
| |
total: 7,791 km
country comparison to the world: 27
broad gauge: 7,479 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 312 km 1.000-m gauge (2007)
|
|
|
| |
total: 260,760 km
country comparison to the world: 20
paved: 180,910 km (includes 711 km of expressways)
unpaved: 79,850 km (2007)
|
|
|
| |
total: 11
country comparison to the world: 111
by type: bulk carrier 5, cargo 3, petroleum tanker 3
registered in other countries: 11 (Comoros 5, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 1, Panama 3, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1) (2010)
|
|
|
| |
Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim
|
| |
Pakistan Army (includes National Guard), Pakistan Navy (includes Marines and Maritime Security Agency), Pakistan Air Force (Pakistan Fiza'ya) (2010)
|
|
|
| |
17-23 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed for combat until age 18; the Pakistani Air Force and Pakistani Navy have inducted their first female pilots and sailors (2012)
|
|
|
| |
males age 16-49: 48,453,305
females age 16-49: 44,898,096 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
| |
males age 16-49: 37,945,440
females age 16-49: 37,381,549 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
| |
male: 2,237,723
female: 2,104,906 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
| |
3% of GDP (2007 est.)
| Transnational Issues ::PAKISTAN |
|
| |
various talks and confidence-building measures cautiously have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, particularly since the October 2005 earthquake in the region; Kashmir nevertheless remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have maintained their 2004 cease-fire in Kashmir and initiated discussions on defusing the armed standoff in the Siachen glacier region; Pakistan protests India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control and construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show the Junagadh claim in India's Gujarat State; by 2005, Pakistan, with UN assistance, repatriated 2.3 million Afghan refugees leaving slightly more than a million, many of whom remain at their own choosing; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan, which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps
|
|
|
| |
refugees (country of origin): 1,899,842 (Afghanistan) (2010)
IDPs: 818,000 (fighting in Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Khyber-Pakhtunkwa, and Balochistan since 2004; military operations in SWAT in 2009; flooding in 2010) (2012)
|
|
|
| |
significant transit area for Afghan drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Iran, Western markets, the Gulf States, Africa, and Asia; financial crimes related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling remain problems; opium poppy cultivation estimated to be 2,300 hectares in 2007 with 600 of those hectares eradicated; federal and provincial authorities continue to conduct anti-poppy campaigns that utilizes forced eradication, fines, and arrests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
